The Theory Of Social Psychology - 1654 Words

Social psychology is a subfield of psychology that studies how people’s feelings, behaviors, and thoughts vary depending on their social environment (Social Psychology Careers, n.d.). Plato first attributed changes in a person’s behavior to their social environment in his idea of â€Å"crowd mind† but social psychology began as an independent subfield after World War II (Cherry, n.d.). The genocide conducted under Hitler’s Nazi regime prompted psychologists to investigate how social influences effected behaviors such as conformity and obedience (Cherry, n.d.). Social Psychologists Solomon E. Asch and Stanley Schechter conducted research and created theories that are the foundation of many social psychology studies that are being conducted today. Jon Freedman, a social psychologist and professor working at New York University in New York City, recently conducted an experiment on how the perception of a person’s race depends on the environment, in whi ch the person is placed (Freeman, Ma, Young, Han, Ambady, 2013, p. 1). If I had the ability to perform an experiment I would be curious to learn if the amount of racial diversity where a persons lives directly effects how quickly they can interpret race. Gordon Allport, who is described as one of the founding figures of modern social psychology created the definition of social psychology that we use today (Jones, 1998, p. 3). He defined social psychology as a subfield that uses the scientific methods â€Å"to understand and explain howShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Social Psychology996 Words   |  4 Pages In 1971 Dr. Philip Zimbardo, conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment at Stanford University in the basement. According to Zimbardo, the study was an effort to see how well people would react in a place of confinement, Classic Studies in Psychology, (2012). There were 24 male randomly assigned to act as guards or prisoners in the derision prison. The endeavor was of this study was at the start to last two weeks, but was ended after six days due to the immoderate action of the participantsRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Psychology1551 Words   |  7 PagesSocial psychology seeks to identify and understand how society (i.e. fa mily, community, sub groups, and peers, etc.) influences thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of the individual. Within the realm of social psychology, two prominent theorists emerge, Albert Bandura and Bernard Weiner. Both theorists have made great impacts within their fields, determining and describing cause and effect of social influences on the individual’s behaviors, but more importantly, how external contributors manifest intoRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Psychology911 Words   |  4 PagesGroups have the capability to influence the perspectives of individuals in a social gathering (Myers, 2010). This paper will analyze the meaning of a group dynamic and how it relates to social psychology. This paper will give you an understanding on how individuals are influence by group dynamics and social involvements. Finally, this paper will provide information that was collect from a social group session interaction with collective studies to determine a conclusion. The interaction during aRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Work And Psychology Essay1137 Words   |  5 Pagesto the proposed research are social work and psychology. The theories to be utilized within each cognate are the systems theory for social work and the cognitive behavior theory for psychology. Given the heuristic nature of interdisciplinary research, the theories to be utilized within each cognate could possibly be dynamic in nature; therefore, subject to expanding to include more than just the two theories or disciplines currently included. The systems theory, as the name implies, deals withRead MoreTheories Of Personality And Social Psychology3265 Words   |  14 Pages THEORIES OF PERSONALITY Signature assignment: Explore future directions for personality theory and research in social psychology Apologies it is slightly late. I’ve been trying to upload this and even attach as an email. I’ve had to use an entirely different computer to do this. Faculty Use Only Future directions for personality theory and research in social psychology Introduction and overview of personality in social psychology Social psychologyRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Social View3117 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract Although these two great minds of psychology have two different theories on how we as humans develop and learn, they have many similarities. I feel after researching and reading that the two psychologist lives themselves can provide more to the study of psychology and social view. I feel that their theories showed the contrast in ways of their social environment. Vygotsky being of the Russian Empire and the background of the Soviet Union that shows much determination to grow and individualizeRead MoreThe General Strain Theory Of Social Psychology1647 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The general strain theory has developed into among the greatest crime theories of social psychology with a fairly developed research body. General Strain Theory is thought to be a strong philosophy, and has gathered a lot of experimental confirmation, and has additionally extended its essential degree by offering clarifications of wonders outside of criminal conduct. There are diverse negative relationships with strain or stress that result in negative emotions along with encouragingRead MoreZimbardo s Theory Of Social Psychology1952 Words   |  8 Pagesimportant task, Dr. Philip G. Zimbardo’s theories and experiments have made him stand out, and differentiate himself from the rest in his profession. Zimbardo s area of expertise in the field of psychology is social psychology, the branch that deals with social interactions, including their origins and their effects on the individual. Zimbardo may be most well known for his Stanford Prison experiment, an experiment that seems to address the definition of social psychology perfectly. In this experiment ZimbardoRead MoreSocial Psychology And Albert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory1338 Words   |  6 Pageswithin a social context, a cultural context, and a modeling context. This papers is intended as a review of how personalities effect our actual behaviors and how those behaviors are molded into an individualistic personality. The best definition of personality I found is â€Å"Personality is can be described in terms of personality traits: characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving† (Soto Tacket, 2015). For purposes of this paper, I chose to incorporate Horney’s Social and CulturalRead MoreGeorge Herbert Mead s Theory Of Psychology And Social Psychology1827 Words   |  8 Pagesmajor figure in the history of American philosophy. Through his writing and teaching, Mead has established significant influence in social theory among both philosophers and social scientists. He is considered a pioneer in the field of sociology and social psychology. Mead is best known for his theory or work on emergence of self (or personality) and mind from social process. There is argument among psychologists about the existence of personality. Some psychologists argue that personality is a fiction

The Conflict Between Pfwac And Wac s Feminist Women s...

Critiques It is quite tempting to suggest that the fraught relationship between PFWAC’s and WAC’s feminist women’s activism and the larger national struggle could be solved, by some degree, by the dissociation with nationalist ideologies. However, the fraught nature of the Palestinian national situation does not realistically allow for Palestinian women’s activists to disengage fully from nationalist discourses. Firstly the disengagement from nationalism would distance, and most likely demolish, any relationships or partnerships held by PFWAC and WAC with other organizations, many of whom have nationalist ties or sentiments. In breaking ties with other organizations PFWAC and WAC risk losing support, both monetarily, physically, and†¦show more content†¦Yet the continued intersectional identities of each organization challenges the notion that feminist work or organizations must disentangle themselves from other forms of activism or other forms of theorizat ion that may not fully align with traditional western understandings of feminism. Conclusion Palestinian women activists within both PFWAC and WAC engaged with nationalism and nationalist rhetoric in their work to promote gender equity and inclusion. The work of PFWAC and WAC attempts to listen to marginalized women within the West Bank and Gaza respectively and then help those same marginalized women to enter into public life in various forms with the support of the organization. The feminist activist work of PFWAC and WAC has been seen as disrupting larger â€Å"issues,† specifically the future existence of the Palestinian nation. Yet, as I have pointed to the work of both PFWAC and WAC, while critiquing the larger masculinization of nationalism and attempting to dismantle patriarchal structures, in fact create the space for more forms of nationalism. The empowerment of women through labor training, education, and entrepreneurship opens the space for more women to participate in and strengthen the Palestinian economy, argue against notions of primitivenes s, encourages women to advocate for themselves as Palestinians and as women, and brings women into the fold of the larger nationalist movement. In exploring the construction of PFWAC and WAC in conversation with

Image Case Study B2B Free Essays

1. What do you think of Mr. Reynolds’ management methods in general? I think that Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Image Case Study B2B or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reynolds’ management method is very trusting and his style is somewhat laissez-faire, making it a somewhat fragile system. Reynolds doesn’t require paperwork which is usually used to detail and keep track of each employee’s actions but instead relies on trust and maturity amongst the salespeople. Generally such a method is a very risky but it seems that the intensive training that the employees receive builds their notion of responsibility. Furthermore, Reynolds’ management method tends to shy away from â€Å"burdening† his employees with potential estimates and quota targets like many other companies but believes each worker is ambitious for the company and themselves. His use of rewards and contests are very desirable for the employees but are very costly to implement – Reynolds must really trust his employees to make a return to cover such expenses. I do admire Reynolds discussion approach: discuss all work-related problems weekly or daily if necessary by telephone with their managers. The openness of the workplace probably uses the communication to replace the paperwork, a very admirable relationship in my opinion. I think Reynolds’ has crafted a very unique system which, although currently is effective under his management, seems very delicate to implement elsewhere and is very burdening on the company’s budget. I would not recommend it be to be adopted by other managers unless there is a strong financial foundation. 2. Does he have a quota system? What are quotas used for? Reynolds does not have a specific quota system to manage his sales force or use them as targets for his employees, but he does use a quota system to figure out the monthly shipment schedule. Quotas are figures that act as an individual’s target within a set time period, derived from past performances and â€Å"potential† or expectations, and used as a benchmark for performance evaluations. Instead of a ‘quota’ system to evaluate, Reynolds uses a point system which is also dependent on one’s level of sales and uses it to rank employees based on their performance. The main difference, as perceived by Reynolds, is that the point system uses â€Å"personal objectives, not arbitrary quotas, to stimulate [his] salesmen. † 3. Do you think that the expenses of the US sales force are too high? I do think the expenses of the US sales force are too high. Reynolds’ incentives indeed are very creative and motivating, however, they are a bit too extreme and extravagant. I think it is possible for Reynolds to cut some of the costs whilst maintaining the same effect. For example, the Palm Springs convention could be cut by two days and top salesman and district manager can only go to one or two locations instead of three each year. How to cite Image Case Study B2B, Free Case study samples

Managerial Finance

Question: Write an essay on"Managerial Finance". Answer: Introduction The development of this project is based on gathering critical knowledge about the key concepts associated with the managerial finance. The identified aim will be attempted to achieve by analysing two different case scenario where one is based on the investigating the required set of understanding from the perspective of a position of financial analyst, the other is involved with evaluating the expansion project of a specific firm (Baker Nofsinger, 2012). The definition of managerial finance is related to the acknowledgement about the managerial significance of different financial techniques and conditions of an organization representing a particular industry. It is one of the primary areas of finance focusing more on the assessment skills of the individuals rather than the involving techniques. Therefore, the importance of managerial finance is based on determining the appropriateness of the financial techniques adopted by a firm for developing the understanding whether these are a ffecting the business internally or externally (Brown, 2012). It can be stated that the basic aim of managerial finance is improving the functionality of the current financial techniques for supporting the achievement of better business outcomes of the company, while preventing the possible occurrence of loss. It is analysed that the approach is the combination of both managerial and corporate financing process. Hence, the major two sections of the document will be dealt with the development of valuable information satisfying the aims and importance of managerial finance. The information portrayed within this section will be based on the viewpoint of the position known as the assistant financial analyst at Antipodes Mineral Resources Company (AMR). The assessment of four important areas associated with the job role will be done to develop the useful understanding related to the basic financial concepts. According to the analysis made on the associated trends in the minerals industry, the necessary involvement of different types of mineral investment can be observed by the incident of commodity price booms during 2004 to 2008. This was the longest and strongest price boom in more than fifty years, which apparently burned out in 2008. Later, the scenario had acquired the second wing in the second half of 2009, which triggered an unprecedented wave in terms of the investment from the miners in the new capacity due to the intense interest in commodities stimulated from the investors and governments (Donovan, 2012). On the other hand, the weak and declining rate of the real term prices emerged due to the prolonged period of boom, which took the industry by surprise. Due to the scenario, the share price of different mining corporations or companies became universally depressed leading few number of investment projects for the companies in the pipeline and flippantly staffed in the project development. Meanwhile, the scenario leads to a certain trend in the investment projects followed by the minerals and mining companies. These companies shifted their focus in carrying out some heavy investments in the expansion of existing mines as well as on the research and development programs for evaluating the improvement opportunities to the new ones (Doumpos, Zopounidis, Pardalos, 2012). Considering the certain trend associated with the types of investment pursuing by the minerals companies, it can be stated that the process is highly slow given the nature of the business. Therefore, it can be suggested that the identification of suitable targets for investment is required to be made essentially. The certain process requires the involvement of appropriate feasibility studies, acquisition of permits, community agreements, and the assessment of environmental impacts before the project can be financed adequately (Gapenski, 2012). Apart from that, it is also observed that the quoted minerals companies have the trend to invest in the nonferrous mining and metals, which is driven by the unprecedented level of industry investment caused by the unparalleled high level of prices. The activities and actions regarding the office of the chief financial officer (CFO) of AMR are highly expected to be developed in line with the certain identified mission. This particular is based on assuring the application of effective management techniques and approaches to maintain the financial integrity of different investment projects and programs including department of energy programs, resources development, and other relevant activities (Gil-Lafuente, 2013). Apart from that, the office of CFO is responsible to develop, implement, and monitor the policies and systems according to the different departments for ensuring the effective outcomes extracted from the key identified areas. These identified areas are the analysis and evaluation of the programs, administering the company budget, resource allocation, strategic planning process, corporate financial systems, internal controls, and managing the accounting and finance division. Therefore, the identified activities of CFOs office clearly portray the roles and responsibilities of the CFO within the organization (Gitman Zutter, 2012). The activities and approaches confirms that the CFO should need to be an effective leader of the organization, as the position of the certain job roles directly represents the key member of the senior management of a company. The office of CFO is expected to develop the activities for facilitating the delivery of services in such a manner satisfying the value creation and preservation within the organization. different procedures undertaken by the CFOs office and outcomes of such process should need to reflect the shared vision and leadership qualities to not only the organization or its employees, but also to the different other stakeholders at the same time (Gitman et al., 2012). In this particular scenario, it is required to mention that the misconstrued assumption must need to be avoided between the roles played by the CEO a nd the CFO, as both are the integral part of the organizational leadership. In conclusion, it can be understood that the roles and responsibilities associated with the CFOs office are developed to form the partnerships with the number of leadership teams and members of the company to produce the common vision related to the organizational performance, challenges, and opportunities (Hallegatte, 2012). As a public company listed in the relevant stock exchange, AMR should need to consider and bear certain goals during the management of the company finances. Out of the many goals, the major three ones can be described as maximising the profit, minimising the company expenses, and capturing the increasing market shares within the respective industry. Out of the three identified goals, profit maximisation is the most important part of managing the financial aspect of the company (Khaja Safiuddin, 2012). It is the ultimate measure, which supports AMR to determine how profit can be extracted from the major business procedures or from the company revenues. Apart from the responsibilities played by the owner of the company, AMR as a company operating in the mining and minerals industry of country should need to take accountabilities of several other perspectives as well. One of such accountabilities can be observed by the involving term known as conflicts minerals. The certain term is probably unknown to many individuals; however, it is important from the business context of a minerals company (Lu, Jain, Zhang, 2012). The particular accountability from this identified aspect is related to the compliance of the business activities and proceedings with the complex rules and guidelines developed by the regulatory body of the country. This provides huge burdens for the company like AMR, as the rules and regulations often hamper the performance of the company with the identified industry. Being accountable for such compliance, the company is responsible to develop strategies according to the condition to minimise the implications of conflic t minerals (Nolop, 2012). On the other hand, the company of AMRs category should also need to consider the supply chain accountabilities importantly. Different kinds of legislations and regulation of the country develop and enforce certain acts to look through the supply chain area of the company. The major aim of this process is to check the inclusion of any metal in the products developed by the company originally belonging from the mines located in the conflict regions (Qureshi, 2012). Therefore, the activities of AMR must need to be informed about the understanding of this certain accountability, giving rise to the approach to amputate the supply of conflict minerals. On the other hand, the company should need to think critically to satisfy the aim of cost minimisation for reducing or cutting off the irrelevant expenses incurring by the business. Therefore, the management should need to conduct review of the financial expenses of the business to decide upon the relevancy and affordability of such expenses critically (Sherman, 2011). As a listed company, AMR should need to retain its business presence to sustain the position, where such process depends not only on the profit earning capacity of the company, but also the cost controlling power of the business management. Last but not the least, the company should need to focus on maximising the market share, which can be calculated by the total revenue of the company over a certain period and comparing such with the total revenues achieved by the industry. As a public company listed in the stock exchange, the company needs to maintain the increasing responsibility to expand its shares in the market, in addition to increase the size of appeal to the larger demographics (Skae Vigario, 2012). Calculation of NPV The initial investment required by RWE Enterprise for developing it second production line is $3 million for purchasing and installing the system to manufacture and sale feed supplements used by the cattle raisers. The estimated life of the new facility is 10 years with the discounting rate is determined as 10%. The after-tax scrap value after the end of the machine life is $200,000. Furthermore, it is assumed that the new production line is required to be refurbished after of five years costing approximately $2 million. Lastly, it is expected by the management of RWE that the new production facility will generate a cash inflow for the business amounting to $700,000 each year of its operating life. With the help of the particular information, firstly, it is required to discount the cash inflows, which are generated each year by installing the new production line for the company (Watada, 2012). In order discount the cash inflows, the use of a simple formula will be adopted. P / (1 + i)t; where P = cash inflow, I = discount rate, and t = year/time Year One: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 1 = 636363 Year Two: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 2 = 318181 Year Three: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x3 = 212121 Year Four: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 4 = 159090 Year Five: -1300000/ (1 + 0.10) x 5 = - 236363 Year Six: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 6 = 106060 Year Seven: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 7 = 90909 Year Eight: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 8 = 79545 Year Nine: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 9 = 70707 Year Ten: 700000/ (1 + 0.10) x 10 = 63636 Therefore, the Net Present Value or NPV for the new production line will be: [3000000 (636363 + 318181 + 212121 + 159090 236363 + 106060 + 90909 + 79545 + 70707 + 63636] = $1499751 Interpretation By calculating the NPV, the total value of the new investment project can be determined as $1499751. In general, the NPV with the positive value should need to be selected by the business, because of such investment can be more profitable than investing the money in some other alternatives (Whelan, 2011). Contrary to that, the negative value suggests the rejection of the identified project for the business. In case of RWE Enterprise, NPV calculation reflecting the positive value means that the option of developing the production line should need to be followed and implemented by the company. Calculation of Payback and Discounted Payback year cash flow cumulative cash flow 0 -3000000 -3000000 1 700000 -2300000 2 700000 -1600000 3 700000 -900000 4 700000 -200000 5 -1300000 -1500000 6 700000 -800000 7 700000 -100000 8 700000 600000 9 700000 1300000 10 900000 2200000 With the help of the table, payback period can be calculated as, = 7 + (100000/700000) = 7.14 years Year Cash Flow Net Cash Flow Discounted Cash Flow Net Discounted Cash Flow Year 0 $-3,000,000.00 $-3,000,000.00 $-3,000,000.00 $-3,000,000.00 Year 1 $700,000.00 $-2,300,000.00 $636,363.64 $-2,363,636.36 Year 2 $700,000.00 $-1,600,000.00 $578,512.40 $-1,785,123.97 Year 3 $700,000.00 $-900,000.00 $525,920.36 $-1,259,203.61 Year 4 $700,000.00 $-200,000.00 $478,109.42 $-781,094.19 Year 5 $-1,300,000.00 $-1,500,000.00 $-807,197.72 $-1,588,291.91 Year 6 $700,000.00 $-800,000.00 $395,131.75 $-1,193,160.16 Year 7 $700,000.00 $-100,000.00 $359,210.68 $-833,949.47 Year 8 $700,000.00 $600,000.00 $326,555.17 $-507,394.31 Year 9 $700,000.00 $1,300,000.00 $296,868.33 $-210,525.97 Year 10 $700,000.00 $2,000,000.00 $269,880.30 $59,354.33 With the help of the table, the discounted payback period can be determined as, [9 + (210525/269880)] = 9.78 years Findings The decision rule regarding both the payback and discounted payback period suggests the approval of the project in case the calculated of the calculated period is less than the target period. In case of RWE Enterprises, the new production line should need to be implemented to achieve the benefit. Additionally, it is required to mention that the process discounted payback period is more reliable than the simple payback period and the associated calculations. Because of providing priority to the time value of the money, discounted payback period is more widely used technique to achieve the accurate result to make the investment related decisions (Qureshi, 2012). Considering the overall calculations, it is interestingly observed that the project with a negative present value would not pay back the amount of initial investment. References Baker, H. Nofsinger, J. (2012).Socially responsible finance and investing. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Brown, R. (2012).Private real estate investment. ?: IMOJIM. Donovan, S. (2012).Study Guide for Principles of Managerial Finance Brief. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Doumpos, M., Zopounidis, C., Pardalos, P. (2012).Financial decision making using computational intelligence. New York: Springer. Gapenski, L. (2012).Healthcare finance. Chicago, Ill.: Health Administration Press. Gil-Lafuente, A. (2013).Decision making systems in business administration. Singapore: World Scientific. Gitman, L. Zutter, C. (2012).Principles of managerial finance. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gitman, L., Smith, M., Hall, J., Lowies, B., Marx, J., Strydom, B., Van der Merwe, A. (2012).Principles of managerial finance. Cape Town: Pearson Education. Hallegatte, S. (2012).Investment decision making under deep uncertainty. [Washington, D.C.]: World Bank, Sustainable Development Network, Office of the Chief Economist. Khaja Safiuddin, S. (2012).Managerial Finance and Research. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Lu, J., Jain, L., Zhang, G. (2012).Handbook on decision making. Heidelberg: Springer. Nolop, B. (2012).The essential CFO. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Qureshi, A. (2012).An Evaluation of Financial Practices in investment decision making. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Sherman, E. (2011).Finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers. [New York]: American Management Association. Skae, F. Vigario, F. (2012).Managerial finance. Durban: LexisNexis. Watada, J. (2012).Intelligent decision technologies. Berlin: Springer. Whelan, J. (2011).Decision making in a Japanese general trading company.